(d) dehydrating When the clothes which are wet by soap solution are beaten, the micelles containing oil or greasy dirt particles get removed from the surface of dirty clothes and go into water and the dirty cloth gets cleaned. Complete hydrogenation converts unsaturated fatty acids to saturated ones. Answer: (b) KMnO4 acts as oxidising agent, because it removes hydrogen from CH3CH2OH and adds one oxygen to it. Ethane, with the molecular formula C2H6 has If you have any query regarding this article or NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science, leave your comments in the comment section below and we will get back to you as soon possible. 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(a) A soap molecule is made up of two parts- a long hydrocarbon part and a short ionic part —COONa+  group. (c) H2S Cycloalkanes: These hydrocarbons possess one or multiple carbon rings. 3) Fullerenes. With hard water, a large amount of soap is wasted in reacting with the calcium and magnesium ions of hard water to form an insoluble precipitate. Question 21 More topics Introduction to p-Block Elements Group 13 Elements: The Boron Family Some Important Compounds of Boron Group 14 Elements: The Carbon Family Allotropes of Carbon Some Important Compounds of Carbon Some Important Compounds of Silicon Generally dirt and grime get stuck because they have an oily component, which is difficult to remove, by plain brushing or washing by water. [CBSE 2015 (Delhi)] What is a homologous series ? Solution: Question 2 (d) 9 covalent bonds Homologous series : A homologous series is a group of organic compounds having It is a class of chemical reactions in which the net result is addition of hydrogen (H2) to unsaturated organic compounds such as alkenes, alkynes, etc. Detergents: Soap cannot form lather in hard water. Answer: Question 2 (v) The members of a homologous series show a gradual change in their physical properties with increase in molecular mass. The addition of hydrogen to an unsaturated hydrocarbon to obtain a saturated hydro-carbon is called hydrogenation. People use a variety of methods to wash clothes. When soap is added to water in which dirty clothes are soaked, the two parts of the soap molecule dissolve in two different mediums. A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. What are oxidising agents ? For example, the general formula of the homologous series of alkanes is CnH2n+2, in which ‘n’ denotes number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in one molecule of alkane. These are formed by carbon atoms. Question 15 In structure (a) double bond is not at alternate position. (ii) carboxylic acids are completely ionised. Thus carbon atom shares all its four electrons with three hydrogen atoms and one of chlorine atom and completes its outermost shell and single covalent bonds are formed in CH3Cl. In structure (b) formula is C6H12. Each carbon atom in a diamond is covalently bonded to four other carbons in a tetrahedron. This is because when soap is added to water in which dirty clothes are soaked, the two parts of the soap molecule dissolves in two different mediums. Unsaturated compounds usually give addition reactions. Answer: Question 9. Registration confirmation will be emailed to you. The general formula of alcohols is CnH2n+1— OH. What change will you observe if you test soap with litmus paper (red and blue)? Butter does not decolourise bromine water showing that it is a saturated compound. Why is agitation necessary to get clean clothes ? ii. Application : The process of hydrogenation has an important industrial application. Dec 12, 2020 • 1h 10m. Hard water contains salts of calcium and magnesium. (a) Structure (i) is n-butane and structure (iii) is iso-butane. Topic Progress: ← Back to Lesson B:) Allotropes of carbon Two or more different physical form of an element can exist is known as allotropes. ... Allotropes of carbon Isomers of carbon Isochores of carbon None of the above. (b) ionic end of soap is in the interior of the cluster and the carbon chain is out of the cluster What would be the electron dot structure of a molecule of sulphur, which is made up of eight atoms of sulphur? Will a micelle be formed in other solvents such as ethanol also? Would you be able to check if water is hard by using a detergent ? Since, molecular formula is same, only structures are different. (ii) Bromopentane Its formula isC60 (C-sixty). Carbon has three well known allotropes which are graphite, diamond and buck minster fullerene. (i) oxygen Answer: This is because of the increase in the number of atoms making up the molecule. P. S. Karthik, A. L. Himaja and Surya Prakash Singh . The hydrogen atom is attached to the carbon ring. NCERT solutions for class 10 science give a strong foundation for every concept. It has gotten 2380 views and also has 4.8 rating. It is composed of sp 3 hybridized carbon atoms. (a) 6 covalent bonds What are oxidizing agents? You can also find Allotropes of Carbon Class 10 Video | EduRev ppt and other Class 10 slides … Red litmus will turn blue because soap is alkaline in nature. Solution: Diamond is the hardest substance known while graphite is smooth and slippery. It can also be prepared artificially but because of the high cost and poor quality, diamonds are seldom made artifically. For e.g. (c) presence of water No change in the colour of litmus solution. CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds Revision Notes are very crucial for the students of 10th class … (i) Ethanol has a pleasant smell whereas ethanoic acid has the smell of vinegar. Which of the following is not a straight chain hydrocarbon? (d) 9 covalent bonds Question 17. So addition reaction take place only in C3H6 and C2H2. Question 12 (c) Both ionic end and carbon chain are in the interior of the cluster Identify the number of carbon atoms in the compound & name the compound according to the number of carbon atoms. Diamond is probably the most well known carbon allotrope. Solution: Question 7 When the clothes are rinsed or agitated, the dirt gets pulled out of the clothes, by the soap molecule. When a dirty cloth is put in water containing dissolved soap, then the hydrocarbon end of the soap molecules in micelle attach to the oil or grease particles present on the surface of dirty cloth. Answer: For example, general formula of the homologous series of alkanes is CnH2n+2, in which ‘n’ denotes number of carbon atoms in one molecule of alkane. Question 15. If any functional group is present, add a ‘prefix’ or ‘suffix’ specified for the functional group with the name of the parent compound. Explain with an example. Question 22. 2. (c) Unsaturated hydrocarbons have double or triple bond in the structure. Solution: Now that you are provided all the necessary information regarding NCERT Solutions for class 10 Science chapter 4. Question 2 Carbon has three well known allotropes which are graphite, daimond and buck minster fullerene. Allotropes Of Carbon Last Updated on June 1, 2019 By Mrs Shilpi Nagpal 4 Comments The phenomenon of existence of an element in two or more forms which have different physical properties but identical chemical properties is called allotropy and the different forms are called allotropes. What are the two properties of carbon that lead to the huge number of carbon compounds we see around us? (d) alcohol

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